GAUSS'S LAW & ITS APPLICATIONS

GAUSS'S LAW:-

Gauss's law is used to find total electric flux and total electric field due to number of charges enclosed by the surface

EXPLANATION & DERIVATION:-

                  Consider a closed surface enclosing number of charges q_1, q_2, q_3,--------- q_n randomly distributed inside the surface then electric flux due to charge q_{1 is}

ELECTRIC FLUX THROUGH SURFACE ENCLOSING CHARGE

Lets consider that we have to calculate electric flux of a charge "q" placed inside a spherical body since flux is calculated for a flat body so in order to convert sphere into flat body we will devide the whole sphere into small patches with area ∆A₁, ∆A₂, ∆A₃, ∆A₄----------∆A_n. There corresponding vector areas are parallel to electric field intensity or perpendicular to the surface area as shown in the fig

ELECTRIC FLUX

ELECTRIC FLUX:-

                       Number of electric lines of forces passing through a certain area is called electric flux. Greater the electric field lines passing greater is electric flux and is represented by Φ_{E  and is given by relation}
    Φ_{E =} E A cos ------------(i)

ELECTRICAL FIELD LINES

ELECTRICAL FIELD LINES:-

                                       Electrical field lines can be thought of a "map"that provide information about the directions and strength of electrical fields at various places. As the electrical field lines provide the information about electrical force exerted on a charge. These lines are commonly called "lines of force". For any given location the arrow point in the direction of the electrical field and their length is proportional to strength of the electrical field at that location. Such vector arrows are shown in the fig. Note that the length of arrow are longer where closer to the source charge and shorter when away from source charge.

ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY

ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY:-

A charged particle exerts a force on particles around it. We can call the influence of this force on surroundings as electric field. It can be also stated as electrical force per charge. Electric field is represented with E and Newton per coulomb (N/C) is the SI unit of it and its dimensions are [MLT^-3A^-1]

COULOMB'S LAW

STATEMENT:-

                           Electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is directly proportional to product of their magnitude and inversely proportional to squares of distance between them.